Evolutionary Dynamics of Malignancy The Genetic and Environmental Causes of Cancer

Free Download Evolutionary Dynamics of Malignancy: The Genetic and Environmental Causes of Cancer by Robert C. Jackson
English | PDF EPUB (True) | 2023 | 271 Pages | ISBN : 3031325729 | 19.4 MB
Advances in cancer genomics are transforming our understanding of cancer, and have profound implications for its prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Evolutionary dynamics suggests that as few as two mutations can cause transformation of normal cells into cancer stem cells. A process of Darwinian selection, involving a further three or more mutations, taking place over a period of years, can then result in progression to a life-threatening tumour. In many cases the immune response can recognise and eliminate the mutant cells, but most advanced tumours have mutations that activate immune checkpoints and enable the tumour to hide from the immune system. For the most hard-to-treat tumours, future progress will require molecular diagnostics to detect cancer-causing mutations in healthy subjects, and new drugs or vaccines that prevent the progression process.